Turkey
http://www.cankaya.gov.tr/ http://www.tbmm.gov.tr/ http://www.basbakanlik.gov.tr/
Ottoman Empire (Sultanate) since 1300, Caliphate 1517, Abolition of the Sultanate 02.11.1922, of the Caliphate 04.03.1924, Republic 29.10.1923
(Beys, Sultans, Caliphs)
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Osman I Ghazi (1258-1326) | 1300-1326 |
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Urchan (1279-1359) (Sultan) | 1326-1359 |
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Murad I (1326-1389) | 1359-06.1389 |
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Bejazid I Yildirim (1347-1403) | 06.1389-20.07.1402 |
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Süleyman I | 1402-1411 |
| Isa | 1402-1413 | |
| Musa | 1402-1413 | |
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Mehmed I Celebi | 1402-05.1421 |
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Murad II (1404-1451) | 05.1421-03.02.1451 |
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Mehmed II Fatih (1432-1481) | 03.02.1451-03.05.1481 |
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Bejazid II Wali (1446-1512) | 20.05.1481-25.04.1512 |
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Selim I Yavuz (1467-1520) (Caliph since 1517) | 25.04.1512-21.09.1520 |
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Süleyman II (I) Kanuni (1494-1566) | 21.09.1521-06.09.1566 |
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Selim II Mest (1524-1574) | 06.09.1566-12.12.1574 |
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Murad III (1546-1595) | 12.12.1574-16.01.1595 |
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Mehmed III (1567-1603) | 16.01.1595-22.12.1603 |
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Ahmed I (1590-1617) | 22.12.1603-22.11.1617 |
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Mustafa I (1592-1638) | 22.11.1617-26.02.1618 |
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Osman II (1603-1622) | 26.02.1618-20.05.1622 |
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Mustafa I (2nd time) | 20.05.1622-10.09.1623 |
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Murad IV (1612-1640) | 10.09.1623-09.02.1640 |
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Ibrahim (1615-1648) | 09.02.1640-08.08.1648 |
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Mehmed IV. (1641-1692) | 08.08.1648-08.11.1687 |
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Süleyman III (II) (1644-1691) | 08.11.1687-23.06.1691 |
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Ahmed II (1642-1695) | 23.06.1691-2./6.02.1695 |
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Mustafa II (1664-1703) | 02.1695-21.08.1703 |
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Ahmed III (1673-1736) | 21.08.1703-01.10.1730 |
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Mahmud I (1696-1754) | 01.10.1730-13.12.1754 |
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Osman III (1699-1757) | 13.12.1754-30.10.1757 |
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Mustafa III (1717-1773) | 30.10.1757-24.12.1773 |
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Abdulhamid I (1725-1789) | 24.12.1773-07.04.1789 |
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Selim III (1761-1808) | 07.04.1789-29.05.1807 |
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Mustafa IV (1778-1808) | 29.05.1807-28.07.1808 |
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Mahmud II (1784-1839) | 28.07.1808-01.07.1839 |
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Abdulmecit I (1823-1861) | 01.07.1839-25.06.1861 |
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Abdulaziz (1830-1876) | 25.06.1861-30.05.1876 |
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Murad V (1840-1904) | 30.05.1876-31.08.1876 |
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Abdulhamid II (1842-1918) | 31.08.1876-27.04.1909 |
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Mehmed V Reschad (1844-1918) | 27.04.1909-03.07.1918 |
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Mehmed VI Vahiheddin (1861-1926) | 03.07.1918-02.11.1922 |
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Abdulmecit II (only Caliph) | 18.11.1922-04.03.1922 |
(Presidents)
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Mustafa Kemal Pascha (Atatürk since 1934) (1881-1938) | 30.10.1923-10.11.1938 |
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Ismet Inönü (1884-1973) | 11.11.1938-22.05.1950 |
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Celal Bayar (1883-1986) | 22.05.1950-27.05.1960 |
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Cemal Gürsel (1895-1966) | 27.05.1960-28.03.1966 |
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Cevdet Sunay (1900-1982) | 28.03.1966-28.03.1973 |
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Fahri Korutürk (1903-1987) | 06.04.1973-06.04.1980 |
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Kenan Evren (1918) | 19.09.1980-09.11.1989 |
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Turgut Özal (1927-1993) | 09.11.1989-17.04.1993 |
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Süleyman Demirel (1924) | 16.05.1993-16.05.2000 |
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Ahmet Necdet Sezer (1941) | 16.05.2000-28.08.2007 |
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Abdullah Gül (1950) | 28.08.2007- |
(Prime Ministers since 1923)
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Mustafa Ismet Pascha (since 1934 Ismet Inönü) (1884-1973) | 30.10.1923-21.11.1924 |
| Ali Fethi Bey (since 1934 Fethi Okyar) 1880-1943) | 21.11.1924-03.03.1925 | |
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Ismet Inönü (2nd time) | 03.03.1925-20.09.1937 |
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Celal Bayar (1883-1986) | 23.09.1937-25.01.1939 |
| Refik Saydam (1881-1942) | 25.01.1939-08.07.1942 | |
| Sükrü Saracoglu (1887-1953) | 09.07.1942-05.08.1946 | |
| Recep Peker (1888-1950) | 05.08.1946-09.09.1947 | |
| Hasan Saka (1886-1960) | 09.09.1947-14.01.1949 | |
| Semsettin Günaltay (1883-1961) | 16.01.1949-22.05.1950 | |
| Adnan Menderes (1899-1961) | 28.05.1950-27.05.1960 | |
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Kemal Gürcel (1895-1966) | 28.05.1960-26.10.1961 |
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Ismet Inönü (3rd time) | 20.11.1961-13.02.1965 |
| Suat H. Ürgüplü (1903) | 20.02.1965-22.10.1965 | |
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Süleyman Demirel (1924) | 27.10.1965-12.03.1971 |
| Nihat Erim (1912-1980) | 19.03.1971-22.05.1972 | |
| Ferit Melen (1906-1988) | 22.05.1972-15.04.1973 | |
| Naim Talu (1919) | 15.04.1973-25.01.1974 | |
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Bülent Ecevit (1925-2006) | 25.01.1974-17.11.1974 |
| Sadi Irmak (1904) | 17.11.1974-31.03.1975 | |
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Süleyman Demirel (2nd time) | 31.03.1975-20.06.1977 |
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Bülent Ecevit (2nd time) | 21.06.1977-03.07.1977 |
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Süleyman Demirel (3rd time) | 04.07.1977-31.12.1977 |
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Bülent Ecevit 3rd time) | 05.01.1978-11.11.1979 |
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Süleyman Demirel 4th time) | 12.11.1979-12.09.1980 |
| Bülent Ulusu (1923) | 20.09.1980-24.11.1983 | |
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Turgut Özal (1927-1993) | 06.12.1983-09.11.1989 |
| Yildirim Akbulut (1935) | 09.11.1989-16.06.1991 | |
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Mesut Yilmaz (1947) | 18.06.1991-20.11.1991 |
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Süleyman Demirel 5th time) | 20.11.1991-16.05.1993 |
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Tansu Ciller (1946) | 25.06.1993-12.03.1996 |
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Mesut Yilmaz (2nd time) | 12.03.1996-06.06.1996 |
| Necmetin Erbakan (1926) | 08.07.1996-18.06.1997 | |
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Mesut Yilmaz (3rd time) | 30.06.1997-25.11.1998 |
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Bülent Ecevit (4th time) | 11.01.1999- |
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Abdullah Gül (1950) | 18.11.2002-11.03.2003 |
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Recep Tayyip Erdogan (1954) | 14.03.2003- |